Book Review : The Bible and the Land (Ancient Context, Ancient Faith) : Gary Burge

If you've ever seen an illustration of "How to Prioritize Your Time" that involves big rocks, little rocks, and sand, you'll appreciate what Gary Burge sought to do with the Ancient Context, Ancient Faith series.  And if you're not familiar with that illustration, here's a quick catch-up: the gist of it is that if you have a jar and want to fit in all three components discussed above, there is really only one best way to do it and that's by getting the biggest things in first and working your way down to the fine grain sand that ends up filling in all the gaps.  Once you get the main priorities taken care of, you can keep working down until you get to work on finer details.  The same can be said for how we relate to our knowledge of Scripture: we start out with the big rocks of the gospel itself and the gospel's implications for living as the set apart people of the Triune God and continue having the gaps filled in with broader and deeper knowledge of the things of God.

Dr. Burge has provided, in a series of short and engaging books released over the past few years, some great pebbles to help fill in gaps of understanding that are naturally present for those living outside the time and culture in which the Scriptures were first penned.  This series of books, spanning six volumes, is written by Drs. Burge, Timothy Laniak, and Bradley Nassif with the goal of exploring "themes from the biblical world that are often misunderstood."  Think of the books as literary tour guides that have the benefit of being well-researched and written by men with years of study informing what they're passing along to you.  That's at the heart of this series, Ancient Context, Ancient Faith, published by Zondervan.

The first book released in this series is titled The Bible and the Land.  Don't look for any hidden meanings in the title.  Though you'll be helped to better understand the "lay of the land," you won't find it wrapped up in flashy wrapping paper.  In that sense, the title of the book communicates fairly clearly the content you'll find: how the land informs the imagery of the Scriptures and the experience of the folks you'll find throughout the Bible.  And, frankly, that's right on par with what a series like this should be getting across.  With far too many people making bizarre claims that misinform the genuine believers looking for more helpful Bible background, this book camps out on appropriate themes and treats them solidly.

The book weighs in at just over 100 pages and is populated with pictures on most every page.  This makes the book very readable and particularly readable on a casual (pick-up/put-down) basis.  The chapters address the following themes, beyond the Introduction: "The Land," "Wilderness," "Shepherds," "Rock," "Water," "Bread," and "Names."  As with the title of the book, the chapters aren't intended to grip your attention.  However, the content is very helpful and serves to fill in gaps that may exist between how you read a passage and the richer background informing it.  A good example of that background-informing helpfulness comes in Burge's comparison (with pictures) of a traditional loaf of Israeli bread and the limestone common in Israel.  He helpfully draws out the comparable appearance of the two and then draws our attention to both the wilderness temptation recorded in Matthew 4:3 and the Savior's words on the Father's graciousness toward His prayerful people in Matthew 7:9.

Altogether, the book is helpful, clear, and readable.  The presence of so many pictures helps move the background material away from remaining abstract and puts "a face to a name."  And with the relatively short length of the book, it's hard to be disinterested in finishing it.  The Bible and the Land is a useful volume for filling in the gaps and sets the tone for the rest of the series.  The book (as well as the other volumes in the series) would do well for personal Bible study, homeschooling, or even for use in mentoring/discipleship.  Thanks to the folks at Zondervan for supplying me with a complimentary copy, without the expectation of positive review.

Book Review : frameworks : Eric Larson

While I was in seminary, we were frequently assigned an Old Testament or New Testament Introduction book as a bird's eye view of the biblical books covered in the course.  My experience with these "Introductions," however, made clear to me that the introductory nature  of those volumes referred more to the relatively short treatment of each biblical book and not the quality or accessibility of the treatment.  Which means that an average OT/NT Introduction book may very well be intimidating for folks who are genuinely seeking a better understanding of Scripture, yet don't have the supporting resources provided in a seminary environment.

This presents a fairly wide gap in the literature available to the vast majority of Christians seeking help in understanding the literary background of the most important Book around.  The Bible is the very Word of God and careful handling of the Word shouldn't be alone practiced by those men called to shepherd the local church in pastoral ministry.  The Scriptures necessitate responsible handling by all, which can be helped by the responsible use of a volume that treats the big picture, background, authorship, and intent of the books comprising the Old and New Testaments.  In writing frameworks, Eric Larson seeks to fill this void with an accessible resource he labels "An Extraordinary Guide for Ordinary People."

Mr. Larson's efforts are, by and large, helpful and function as they are intended.  Nowhere does he intimate that this book is intended to replace Guthrie's New Testament Introduction.  His style of writing is accessible (more on that below) and the book's structure is memorable and helpful.  Though the book's content comes in around 350 pages, it is graphically rich and presents helpful images that capture the theme he intends to communicate.  The scholarship draws water up from disputed wells so as not to confuse readers with unnecessary adventures into academia.  It is, largely, a fairly helpful resource.

There are a couple things that I would encourage future efforts in this vein to avoid.  Larson's writing, intentionally accessible, is, at times, a bit too casual.  Titus is compared to Red Adair and, while I understand his rationale, this example - along with others - displays a bit too much liberty taken in characterizing the people and literature of the New Testament.  It is memorable, but may not be helpful and accurate in its memorability.  Additionally, while I recognize the desire to avoid over-complicating issues of scholarship, there is a lack of complexity to his treatment that may oversimplify some things.  The only issue I found with the content itself was what seemed to be a portrayal of the Law and Old Testament institutions that was only abolished by Christ instead of fulfilled.  It might be me being picky, but I believe it makes a big difference when we look at the Old Testament finding its fulfillment in the Savior, rather than a sense of abandonment for the New.  Otherwise, frameworks would find a decent home in most any evangelical church.

Altogether, Mr. Larson has done a very decent job in providing a resource to Christians seeking to gain a better understanding of Scripture without the intimidating likeness belonging to a number of resources that are otherwise very helpful.  This book, with the slight reservations mentioned above, would do well for any Christian to pick up and gain a more helpful understanding of the New Testament.  Thank you to the publisher for providing a complimentary review copy, which was provided to me free from expectation of a positive review or recommendation.

Swimming Lessons, Chicken McNuggets and the Enlightenment

I really tried to come up with a catchier title than "Swimming Lessons, Chicken McNuggets and the Enlightenment," but that title alone warrants an explanation.  And you're probably wondering what that explanation is.  Well, hold tight and rest assured, there's a point to all of this.

One of my favorite memories from my childhood is the scent I'd pick up, almost without fail, every time I got into the car after swimming lessons.  Swimming lessons aren't, in themselves, a very fond memory for me.  But for some reason, almost every time I got in the car after swimming lessons, I would smell Chicken McNuggets.  I don't know if this was wishful thinking on my part or if anyone else has ever had that experience.  But whatever it was, it's one of those comforting scents that has stuck with me over the years.

Needless to say, a lot changes between your 10th trip around the sun and your 20th.  Happy Meals don't bring the promised happiness anymore.  Eating at McDonalds turns into a last ditch effort to satisfy hunger.  And, while it might be a "natural" phenomenon to find most people in their adolescent years and early twenties trying to distance themselves from things that just aren't "cool," I've noticed something: it's not just a post-adolescent issue any longer.  It's a cultural issue.

We live in a culture suspicious of the common.  I say suspicious, because it's not only passe to shop at WalMart or buy a Happy Meal for your kids, we're convinced by pop culture that it's downright dangerous.  What restaurant does your mind think about when you hear this: Do you know what they put in that stuff?  Or what store do you think about when you hear this: Do you know how much they pay their employees and where they get their products?  Without debating the merits of fried food or clothes made in China, it's fairly clear that we're supplied with reasons to be suspicious of things that aren't "specialty" or stores that help us "live our lives."  Exposing the practices at your local Burger King will land a spot in the headlines - showing up and doing the same at Qdoba?  Not so much.

All of this goes back to a revolution in our cultural thought that took place a couple hundred years back during "the Enlightenment."  The Enlightenment was helpful in some respects, encouraging a more robust use of our minds.  For the Christian, a sadly neglected venue for worship is the life of the mind.  The Great Commandment includes love of God by way of our thinking and the challenges of the Enlightenment served as a catalyst (even if it was in response to some arrogant worldviews) for the church to engage our thinking for the glory of God.  However, the cultural fallout from the Enlightenment was not so positive.  At its core, the Enlightenment championed a philosophy that was even too radical for pagan Greece and can be summed up by way of Protagoras' statement: "Man is the measure of all things."  That concept drove Enlightenment thinking and still drives popular thought about the self in relation to the world to this day.  What you feel, what you think, what you sense about the world around you is, in the final analysis, what matters most.  Objectivity and subjectivity are blurred together and we are left to ourselves to decide not only matters of right and wrong, but matters of truth and falsehood.

So how has the Enlightenment affected our view of things common?  Here's my take on it: the cultural move to (ultimately) de-objectivize everything has cheated people out of the sense of uniqueness we ought to have as beings created to glorify God and enjoy Him forever.  Instead of finding an identity outside of ourselves, we've been told that our identity is up to us to either realize or construct for ourselves.  Instead of understanding we were created for the purpose of glorifying God, we've been told that we are chance accidents, a collection of cells that could just as well have ended up arranged as a prairie dog.  Instead of understanding our work as a calling, we've been told it's there to pay the bills so we can spend the rest of our time trying to figure out or live out who we are.  It's a wholesale cheapening of human existence - and if that's all we are, who wants to be or be associated with something common?

When I became a dad, I renewed my license to stop at McDonalds and buy Chicken McNuggets.  And you know what?  I still like them.  Particularly with the barbecue sauce served in the containers with foil that, if you're not careful, will end up adhering to surfaces via the residual sauce.  So there's some food for thought today.  It's not deep and weighty theology.  But it's been on my mind lately.  Let me finish by saying: you can eat a Happy Meal to the glory of God.  I should be back in a day or two with more from Studies in the Sermon on the Mount.

To God Alone Be the Glory,
-Chris

Book Review: The Cross and Christian Ministry

I had two endorsements of this book in the back of my mind before even beginning it. The first came from my former lead pastor, whom I remember speaking very highly of The Cross and Christian Ministry. The second is the fact that there has been little, if anything, that Dr. Carson has written and I have not benefited from. So coming to the book, I had expectations that this volume would follow along those lines and be generally helpful and biblically faithful. Without surprise, Dr. Carson's work succeeds at both points.

Let me begin by saying that the Corinthian letters hold, in my opinion, some of the most necessary corrections for the American church today. The nature of the letters as corrective generally lends themselves to addressing "problems" in the life of the church. The problems developing in American evangelicalism increasingly reflect the issues present among the confused Corinthians. Which makes any venture into these letters a profitable one for the pastor/elder or Christian looking to understand what faithful ministry (and Christian living) looks like in an environment hostile to the unique design the gospel supplies to the character of Christian life and ministry. Dr. Carson also wrote a book entitled A Model of Christian Maturity, which takes up some of the issues in 2 Corinthians. Both of these books are very helpful and I would generally recommend both of them as faithful in accomplishing their stated purposes.

The Cross and Christian Ministry takes up various passages in the first Corinthian letter and applies them to the contemporary Christian and Christian leader. Without going into the details of each chapter, it suffices to say that the themes drawn from the letter are more than necessary for any Christian (most certainly the pastor) to have a solid understanding of. The fundamental disparity between the world's values and the gospel's values, between the priorities of fallen men and the priorities of Jesus Christ, are so glaringly evident to us, yet very difficult to leave the former to pursue the latter. And that's where the Corinthian letters, particularly the first, have so much to say to those of us who are tempted to assume worldly priorities and cloak them with Christian garb. Dr. Carson draws out the priorities of a cross-centered life and ministry that necessarily means change on the part of the earnest man of God.

The contents of this book are adapted from addresses delivered by Dr. Carson, which makes them inherently practical. Dr. Carson is particularly gifted in driving home solid theological content in engaging ways. Again, I have usually benefited from anything I have read written by D.A. Carson and this book stands in that line. While the book is shorter than others you might pick up by him, The Cross and Christian Ministry is still well worth the read and should be an assigned as an exit requirement for those graduating from seminary. Seasoned pastors would do well to come back to the priorities Dr. Carson draws out in this book. The Cross and Christian Ministry is a worthwhile book that supplies a much-needed perspective on genuine Christian ministry and living in light of the Cross.

(The folks at Baker Books kindly supplied me with a complimentary copy for review. I was not required to provide a positive review of the book.)

Book Review : Lost Letters of Pergamum

The world of Christian fiction isn't typically filled with a host of substantive, biblical, and obedience-provoking titles these days, at least so far as my impression of the landscape goes. If a book isn't about the Amish, it might as well stay off the fiction racks. Sadly, theology and a compelling story rarely seem to have a place together in the Christian publishing world. Reading through Bruce Longenecker's book The Lost Letters of Pergamum, however, proves to be an exception. Here's why:

• The book, while not strictly "fictional," is historical fiction - which basically means that the license taken to put words in the mouths of characters is a license taken with great attention to the probability that such characters would say what the author has them say. In the case of Longenecker's book, the dialogue mainly consists of a series of fictional letters sent back and forth between Antipas of Pergamum and Luke the Physician (and chronicler of Luke-Acts). What's fascinating about the interchange is that the characters are based on real men, with good biblical scholarship informing the content and style of their correspondence. It's not an historical stab in the dark, but a very real presentation of what an interaction between a first century Christian and pagan may have looked like, particularly those in the higher ranks of society. While the book is clearly fictional, nothing in it reads anachronistically. This needs to be done well for a book written as historical fiction and Longenecker does an excellent job of it.

• The attention to historical accuracy sets up the characters in a compelling way. Though I knew these letters were fictional, I remained interested to find out what would happen to the characters (some of whom, like the main characters themselves, were very real people in the first century).

• The evangelistic tone of Luke's letters to Antipas and the church's relationship to Antipas both made a significant impression on me. The way in which Luke respectfully and clearly engaged the pagan Antipas is a model for the kind of evangelism that usually happens in the workplace. Luke persisted in holding the truth before a man whom he initially knew through "professional" channels in a way that is highly instructive for those tempted to neglect speaking Scripture truth in favor of aimless "relationship building." Equally instructive is the way in which the church at Pegamum (at the fictional Antonius' house) openly received Antipas, while displaying genuine Christian living in their interactions. Both serve to convince Antipas of the truth of the gospel. I would not hesitate to suggest that Longenecker intentionally designed these interactions to instruct, which they do well.

• The first and twenty-first century risk of compromising the gospel is clearly in view, as one church shows a preference for comfort at the expense of their faithfulness to the Lord Jesus. It should not be overlooked that this was a real temptation for the apostolic church facing increasing persecution and lingers today. This, along with Antipas' eventual martyrdom, provide a sobering tone to the book that could otherwise be avoided in a fictional account. Those, along with other sobering moments, provide depth to the book.

 If you're looking to get a better picture of life in the first century church and don't care to read "textbook" type books, The Lost Letters of Pergamum is a sure choice to inform and entertain. It's relatively short at under 200 pages and reads very quickly. I would also recommend the book as a supplement to any Early Church History course, from Sunday School to seminary level. It does a very good job of bringing facts about the first century church together in a way that those familiar with that period of history can generally agree with and those wanting to be familiar can receive a helpful guide.

(The folks at Baker Academic kindly supplied me with a complimentary copy for review. I was not required to provide a positive review of the book.)